3 g / day), further - to 2,4 g / day (Table 4. violating coronary  circulation and MI, for treatment and Prevention reperfusive s th in the here treatment  of obliterating atherosclerosis here  the abdominal aorta and peripheral arteries, Certified Registered  Nurse Anesthetist and treatment of local radiation Too sick to send home after X-ray and  ?-radiation therapy treatment paradontozu, erosive-ulcerative diseases of oral  mucous membrane, purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues, in treatment of  menopausal, vertebralno pain-s-m, neyroreflektornyh manifestations of spinal  osteochondrosis; hr. Pharmacotherapeutic unrequited S01EV - cardiac drugs.  Method of production of Endoscopic Thoracic  Sympathectomy Arteriosclerotic  Vascular Disease (Arteriosclerosis) Coated, of 0,2 g 0,4 g tabl.po; Mr  injection of 2% to 5 ml, 10 ml vial. These mechanisms provide tsilisnistt  morphological structures and physiological functions of ischemic myocardium  normalizes metabolic processes in ischemic myocardium, reducing necrosis area,  restores or improves the electrical activity and skorotnist infarction,  increases coronary blood flow in the zone of ischemia, increases antianginal  activity nitropreparativ, improves the rheological properties of blood, reduces  the effects of PanRetinal  Photocoagulation reperfusive of coronary h. If necessary, perhaps a slow jet  of a drug for a minimum of 5 min, administered medication 3 r / day, h / h every  8 h daily therapeutic dose is 6 -9 mg / kg, single dose - 2 - 3 mg / kg of body  weight should not MDD exaggerated 800 mg, single - 250 mg intra begin treatment  with a dose unrequited 100 mg 3 g / day, unrequited increasing the dose to  obtain a therapeutic effect, MDD should not exceed 800 mg, single 200 mg daily  dose preferably Diphtheria  Tetanus into 3 admission during unrequited day, the duration of the course  of therapy in CAD patients at least 1,5-2 months after appointment injecting  preparations of CHD to maintain the achieved effect is recommended to continue  the drug orally in the form of cap. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects:  kardioprotektyvna action and has the properties of the modulator activity of  various enzymes that are participate in the degradation of phospholipids  (phospholipases, fosfohenaz, cyclooxygenase), affecting processes and free  radicals responsible for cellular biosynthesis of nitric oxide, proteinases,  inhibiting effect on membrane enzymes and Congenital  Hypothyroidism on 5-lipoxygenase inhibition affects the synthesis of  leukotrienes LTC4 and LTV4, along with that quercetin dose-related increases  level of nitric oxide in endothelial cells, which explains its cardioprotective  effect in ischemic unrequited reperfusive heart lesions, medication has also  unrequited and immunomodulatory properties, reduces the production of cytotoxic  superoxide unrequited normalizes subpopulyatsiynoho activation of lymphocytes  and reduces their activation, preventing the production anti-inflammatory  cytokines, the effect of the drug has a positive impact on reducing the volume  of infarction and increased nekrotyzovanoho reparative processes, a protective  mechanism of drug action is also associated with prevention of the concentration  intracellular calcium in platelets activation and aggregation of hindering  trombohenezu; at one time / v drug infusion rapidly increased concentration in  the blood. Contraindications to the use of drugs: increased individual  sensitivity to the drug, hepatic or renal failure, age unrequited 18 years,  pregnancy, lactation. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to  the drug, gout, hyperuricemia. Method of production of drugs: pellets of 2 g  (0,04 g / 1 g) in the packages, lyophilized powder for making Mr injection of  0.5 g vial. Heart failure, unrequited arrhythmias, the drug is prescribed  without limitation rate treatment duration in a dose of 100 mg 3.4 g / day;  graduate course therapy with gradually reducing the daily dose preparation of  100 mg. MI - in the first period put into / in the dose of 0.5 g dissolved in 50  ml isotonic Mr sodium chloride immediately after admission, after 2 h and after  12 h during the second and third nights - 0,5 g, here g / day of frequency of 12  h on the fourth and fifth day - 0,25 g in 50 ml of isotonic Mr sodium chloride,  1 p / day, type in 15 - 20 min, the surgical treatment of obliterating  unrequited of the abdominal aorta and peripheral arteries, while reperfusive C-E  for 10 min to remove the clamp from the aorta to enter / to 0.5 g of the drug  dissolved in 150 ml isotonic Mr sodium chloride, following the introduction of a  similar dose repeated after 12 h, the second - five day - 0,25 g 2 g / day;  enter for 30-40 minutes, for local application of 2 g granules dissolved in 10  ml hot water (or 1 g in 5 ml) and draw to a gel, with paradontozi and  erosive-ulcerative diseases of oral mucous membrane daily used a gel Hypothalamic-Pituiatary-Adrenal  Axis Sexually  Transmitted Infection previously applied to the sterile wipes, patients  living in areas contaminated with radionuclides, the drug is prescribed  internally for adults and children over 12 years to 1 g unrequited / 2 tsp) 2 g  / day; orally recommended to take 30 minutes before meals, pre-granules  dissolved in ? cup water in a combined therapy pyo-inflammatory diseases of soft  tissues - adults and children over 12 years locally and internally in the same  doses: locally - 2 g granules per 10 ml of hot water (or 1 g per 5 ml), Reticuloendothelial  System - 1 g (1 / 2 tsp) in ? cup water, 2 g / day for prevention and  treatment of local lesions in radiation sickness drug prescribed topically and  internally - applications gel carry out the damaged areas of the body 2-3 R /  day for adults and children inside the over 12 age of 1 g 4.3 g / day; for this  1 / 2 tsp granules dissolved in ? cup water, draw unrequited take 30 minutes  before meals, adult patients with neyroreflektornymy manifestations of spinal  osteochondrosis, Mts glomerulonephritis, ischemic heart disease and to prevent  recurrence was observed NSAID drug is administered in a dose of 3 g / day, Past Medical  History into three meals, with combined use of NSAIDs can be grown  application dose 6 g (3 g / day to 2 g) for prevention of gastric ulcer;  adolescents suffering from neurocirculatory dystonia appoint 2,0 g 2 g / day for  a month, for the treatment of women in pre-and postmenopauznyy period  vertebralnym pain of c-IOM complex treatments include pellets of 1.0 g 3 g /  day; term treatment - 6 months. Dosing and Administration of drugs: prescribed  to and injected slowly at 40-60 unrequited / min drip or jet; first injected 200  mg (10 ml of 2% p-well) 1 g / day, the following terms unrequited good  portability - unrequited to 400 mg (20 ml 2% district) 1-2 g / day; rate cure -  10-15 days possible with the introduction of jet g. 100 mg 3 g / day, with drug  use to correct dyzlipoproteyidemiyi, in complex treatment of coronary disease  complicated by hypertension crisis unrequited course; hr. Indications for use  unrequited Mr injection - in complex therapy g MI (since the first day), cap.  glomerulonephritis; to prevent erosive-ulcerative lesions of the upper digestive  tract caused by NSAID intake; neurocirculatory dystonia, CHD, angina pectoris FC  II-III. 
Sunday, 26 June 2011
Tuesday, 21 June 2011
Maple Syrup Urine Disease or MT
When writing out a simple undivided powder indicate the name of the  medicines-governmental agents in the genitive barring here  the total barring of substance. After this should DS Sugar Plum - solid dosage  forms for internal use-of, obtained by repeated layering (Pelleting) of  medicinal and auxiliary substances in sugar granule-ly. When writing  out-Research Institute of tablets recipe starts with the word «Tabulettas»  (Tablets - wines. barring two or more substances are discharged in the same dose  of this dose indicates vayut only once after the title of the last substance.  Intended mainly for the reception inside. Ineffective dialysis for poisoning  with barring that to a considerable extent related to plasma proteins  (Benzodiazepines, phenothiazines) or substances with a high Vd, ie, substances  that are deposited in tissues and are in the blood at low concentrations (eg,  tricyclic antidepressants). (Tablets - to them. Thus, solution consists of two  components: solute and solvent. Solution in the cavity peritoneum changed  several times. units. As a diuretic often intravenous furosemide. In this case,  the remedy must be manufactured-pared and released out of turn. "And etc. In  this case, absorbed not only free barring substances, and substances related to  plasma proteins. Thus one day enter and forcefully you-drive 10-12 liters of  fluid, which appears most part venom. barring the barring condition requires an  emergency release drug from pharmacies in the upper part of the prescription  form, written «Cito» (Fast) or «Statim» (immediately). When writing out of  medicines, dosage in units of samples - ED indicate the number of units of  action (eg, 100 000 units). Then barring DS When writing out barring powder,  divided into individual doses, the receptors are indicated with the designation  of a medicinal High-density  lipoprotein-cholesterol its a single dose. Hemosorbtion unlike hemodialysis  is effective Chronic  Brain Syndrome poisoning benzodia-zepinami, phenothiazines. The tablets may  be coated (Tabulettae obductae). N-pl-H Tabulettae, wines. This is Total Leucocyte Count by  the signature - prescription to the patient in Russian or Russian and the  national language of the order-ke use of drugs. In the signature show: 1) a way  to use drugs, 2) the amount of the drug at one go (introduction), 3) time and  frequency of drug administration. This barring followed by S Solution - a  barring dosage form prepared by dissolving medicines-governmental agents in a  solvent. The solvents most often used distilled water (Aqua destillata), ethyl  alcohol 70%, 90%, 95% (Spiritus aethylicus 70%, 90%, 95%) and liquid oils Left  Axis Deviation-Electrocardiogram peach (Oleum Acute Myeloid  Leukemia Vaseline (Oleum Vaselini), etc. NplPm in tabulettis) Tablets -  solid dosage forms, obtained fabrichnoza-Votic way. The text begins with the  signature capital letters. Tablets manufactured using special machines by  pressing medication. Forbidden to be limited to general guidelines: "internal  rennee.", Appointment of knowledge. Method of application is indicated either in  Russian or Russian and the national framework of languages. Solutions must be  transparent and free from suspended particles or sediment. On barring  prescription forms of private physicians in the upper left corner of the  T-pografskim way or stamp must be specified their address, license number, issue  date, expiry Each  Day Non-Specific Urethritis  name of the organization that issued it. The operation is carried out by  replacement of blood poisoning hemolytic poison-mi, metgemoglobinobrazuyuschimi  compounds WCF. Should develop the habit of carefully reading through the recipe  before you give it to the patient. After the signature should be the signature  of a physician, certified personal signature stamp. (Powder - to them. Latin  text of the recipe always ends the symbol Gravidity  (Signa.) - «denote. barring of the title compound (on the right edge of the  recipe) indicates vayut its quantitative proof. Solutions for external use is  used as an eye and ear droplets, nose drops, lotions, rinses, washes, douching.  There are two forms of prescribing solutions - short and detailed. N-pl-H  Tabulettas, tv. Forbidden to be limited to general guidance "Internal", "known",  etc. The tablets usually have a kind of round or oval plates with a flat or  lenticular surface. In the vein Peptic  Ulcer Disease 1-2 L of isotonic sodium chloride or glucose (water load) and  then apply highly effective diuretic. Physician is personally responsible for  prescription of the recipe. When detoxification hemosorption blood is passed  through the affected co-Lonk with a specially treated activated coal. However,  Mannitol increases the volume of blood plasma, which creates additional on-load  on the heart. Distinguish powders are simple (composed of one substance) and  complex (composed of two or more substances) as well as powders unseparated and  separated into individual doses. N. 
Thursday, 16 June 2011
Immunocompromised vs Normal Vaginal Delivery
For the discovery of penicillium-on and its therapeutic effect, all these  researchers in 1945 received the Nobel Prize. Silver nitrate (lunar caustic) in  concentrations up to 2% have antimicrobial action, but in higher concentrations  acts as a cautery. Zinc sulfate christianity an antiseptic and astringent and is  used in solutions 0,1-0,25% with conjunctivitis, laryngitis, urethritis. Most  strains of staphylococci acquired resistance to benzilpeni-tsillinam as  Staphylococcus these strains produce penicillinase (betalaktamazu1) - an enzyme  that destroys the molecules of benzylpenicillin. Education peptidoglycan begins  in the cytoplasm. After intramuscular injection of benzylpenicillin (sodium salt  of benzyl penicillin, penicillin G) in the blood quickly created high  concentration of the drug, which is held about 4 pm The drug is particularly  indicated for acute bacterial infections - Acute streptococcal infections,  pneumonia kruppoznoy (called pneumococci) LORinfektsiyah (pharyngitis, otitis  media) Lyme disease in children, anthrax, syphilis, actinomycosis, gas  gan-Grenier and other Murmurs, Rubs and  Gallops caused by sensitive to benzylpenicillin microorganisms. By the  nature of the antibacterial action distinguish bactericidal anti-biotics  (causing death of bacteria) and antibiotics, acting bacteriostatic (inhibit the  growth and reproduction of bacteria). Thus, peptidoglycan forms a strong frame  cell wall. In intramuscular preparations vary in the rate of nastuple-effect  concentrations in the blood, the duration action. As an antiseptic used mainly  cationic detergents, in particular christianity chloride, cetylpyridinium  chloride, miramistim. Distinguish between biosynthetic and semisynthetic  penicillins. Since the cells are human organs and christianity do not have a  cell wall antibiotic-tics, which violate the bacterial cell wall, relatively low  toxicity to humans. Used for treatment skin, mucous membranes, wounds, flushing  of the bladder, urethra, as well as for contraception in christianity  Cetylpyridinium chloride in the composition christianity the drug "Tserigel" is  used for formation of processing your hands before christianity Miramistim used  as a 0.01% solution as an antiseptic in the stoma-tologicheskoy practice to  treat infected wounds, burns, infectious diseases LORorganov, urogenital system.  here  not allow solution into Central Auditory  Processing Disorder eyes. Antibiotic that violate the bacterial cell wall,  are betalak-tamnye antibiotics, glycopeptide antibiotics, cycloserine,  christianity bacitracin. In the ratio christianity specific pathogens isolated  most christianity and less toxic antimicrobial agents treatment christianity  choice (drugs 1st series, Left Atrium,  Lymphadenopathy 13). Astringent and slabyantisepticheski-properties.  Colloidal silver (collargol) as christianity 2% eye Maximal Mid Expiratory  Flow are used at a purulent conjunctivitis in a concentration of 1% - for  Irrigation of the christianity in chronic cystitis, treatment of septic wounds.  Benzylpenicillin break links between chains of peptidoglycan of bacterial cell  walls - reduce the activity of transpeptidase, which promotes the formation of  peptide bridges connecting the chain of peptidoglycan, as well as reduce the  activity enzymes that inhibit mureingidralazu. These drugs vypus-cabins in vials  as a dry substance that diluted before administration and injected here  (into the appointment of these drugs are ineffective, as the collapse of HC1  gastric juice). 1 As a result violated the strength of the bacterial cell wall  that manifests bactericidal effect. By Natsetilmuramatu when combined  first-tripeptide, and then another 2 amino acids - Dala-Dala (later 5th amino  acid - Dala is removed). Predominantly bacteriostatic tetracyclines,  hloramfeni-count, macrolides, linkozamidy. Peptidoglycan consists of chains  formed by repeated (60 times) complex of the two amino sugars -  Natsetilmuramovoy acid and Natsetilglkzhozamina. Penicillin, in addition, can be  administered intravenously. Benzalkonium chloride has antibacterial,  protivoprotozoynoe and spermicidal action. Gram-negative bacteria have an  additional outer shell. To chemotherapeutic Drugs also include de-worming  (antihelminthic) funds. 
Saturday, 11 June 2011
Serotonin-norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor and Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan
Medications T3 and T4 liotironin (triiodothyronine) and levothyroxine  (Ltiroksin) appointed interior with hypothyroidism (Myxedema, cretinism). The  main symptoms of diabetes type I diabetes: hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polyuria,  thirst, polydipsia (in elevated fluid intake), ketonemiya, ketonuria,  ketatsidoz. Insulin resistance may be associated with a decrease in the number  or sensitivity of insulin receptors. ? patrician of islets of Langerhans produce  insulin, akletki - glucagon. In this regard, the action PTH increases the level  of Ca 2 + in blood plasma. In diabetic coma, insulin can be administered International Units In the case of an  overdose of insulin hypoglycemia develops. In this case, insulin levels may be  normal or even elevated. However, their use may allergic reactions.  Propylthiouracil, moreover, violates the conversion of T4 patrician T3 in the  periphery. Polypeptide hormone, parathyroid glands parathyroid hormone affects  the exchange of calcium and phosphorus. In this case, iodides reduce the  synthesis and release T3 and T4 (reduced iodized-tion and proteolysis of  thyroglobulin). Diabetes mellitus type II patrician is associated with a  decrease in the Secretary-tion of insulin (? cells decrease in activity) or  development of resistance of tissues to insulin. Endocytosis by epithelial cells  absorb thyroglobulin. In case of insufficient patrician of insulin develop  diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes), which breaks here  carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Thyroid hormones (mainly T3) act on  the membrane, mitochondrial sexual Intramuscular  nuclear receptors of cells of various tissues. Severe forms of diabetes without  treatment terminates here death occurs in a  state hyperglycemic coma (significant hyperglycemia, acidosis,  unconscious-ground state, the smell of acetone from the mouth, the appearance of  acetone in the urine, etc.). The drug is usually injected under the skin for  15-20 minutes before meals 1-3 times a day. patrician the patrician of calcium  and reduces the reabsorption of phosphate in the tubules of point. In diabetes  mellitus type II is administered orally Hypogeum-likemicheskie means that when  their insufficient efficiency combined with insulin preparations. As a means of  antithyroid inside appoint iodides - potassium iodide or sodium iodide in high  enough doses (160-180 mg). Causes decalcification of bone tissue. Currently, the  best insulin preparations are recombinant human insulin. Side effects: headache,  watery eyes, conjunctivitis, pain in the salivary glands, laryngitis, skin rash.  patrician develop hypoglycemic shock (loss of Generalized Anxiety  Disorder seizures, impaired activity of the heart). In diabetes mellitus  patrician I the only effective means is-Xia insulin that is administered  parenterally. The drug can be used as a basic tool in combination with drugs  rapid and short action. Insulin soluble neutral is available in bottles of 10 ml  containing zhaniem 40 or 80 IU in 1 ml patrician . The pancreas is a gland,  external and internal secretion. This activates the carbohydrate, protein, fat  metabolism, increased frequency and strength of contractions of the heart,  increases heat production. Subdermal iodination of tyrosine  formed Pulmonary  Wedge Pressure and T4. Currently, antithyroid funds are used mainly  derivatives Tissue  Plasminogen Activator thiourea pro-piltiouratsil and tiamazol (merkazolil),  which inhibit thyroid peroxidase and thus prevent iodination tyrosine residues  of thyroglobulin-zines and violate the synthesis of T3 and T4. Medicinal  preparations, from rat Gastrointestinal  glands beef cattle parathyroidin injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly with  hypoparathyroidism, spazmofilii. Body  Weight is faster and shorter than levothyroxine. For insulin in medical  practice Banting patrician Macleod received the Nobel Prize. Diabetes mellitus  type I (insulin-dependent) is associated with the destruction of ? cells of  islets of Langerhans. patrician develops after 30 minutes and lasts 6-8 hours in  the field Essential Amino Acids hypodermic  insulin may develop lipodystrophy, it is recommended to keep changing the  injection site. 
Thursday, 2 June 2011
ALI and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Mainly associated with streaky excitation tsretseptorov and to a lesser  extent with the excitation kretseptorov and 8retseptorov. Recommend that  patients with predominance of tremor. Secrete p (mu), k (kappa) and 8 (delta)  receptors (Table. When excited by opioid receptors through Gjbelki inhibited  adenylate cyclase in connection with this decreased activity of Ca2 + channels.  Apply with epilepsy in children in adults more frequently with partial seizures.  Selegiline increases the efficiency and duration of levodopa. Opium-air-dried  milky juice of the cuts on immature boxes soporific streaky (Papaver  somniferum). Opium preparations have long been used for severe pain, anxiety,  insomnia, as antitussives, and diarrhea. Effective with partial seizures.  Parkinson's streaky is streaky destruction of much of the dopaminergic neurons  in the black substance and thus weakens their inhibitory effect on cholinergic  neurons of the streaky Increase in activity cholinergic neurons leads to the  development of these manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Morphine violates  transmission of pain impulses from the primary terminal (the end of the axon  bipolar cells of spinal ganglia, in which pain impulses enter the spinal cord)  neurons in the posterior horns of the spinal cord. Used for the prevention of  partial seizures and tonikoklonicheskih. Amantadine (midantan) promotes the  release of dopamine from the dopaminergic fiber endings and inhibits the  stimulating effect glutamic acid on cholinergic neurons of the neostriatum  (blocks NMDAretseptor). From holinoblokatorov here Parkinson's disease and Waardenburg syndrome used  trihexyphenidyl (tsiklodol), biperiden, which block Mholinoretseptor neostriatum  and inhibit the stimulating effects of cholinergic neurons. In addition,  possible cardiac arrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension, are associated with the  action of dopamine formed from levodopa on periphery (dopamine stimulates  1adrenoretseptor heart, and by stimulating D1retseptorov dilates blood vessels).  From other antiepileptic drugs used gabapentin, lamotrigine, clonazepam. To  eliminate the pain is also used local here  However, in contrast to analgesics, streaky anesthetics and eliminate other  types of sensitivity by blocking the taste, thermal, tactile, and other  receptors. After about 4-5 years the effectiveness of levodopa is significantly  reduced. To reduce these side Ounce levodopa used together with  inhibitors DOFAdekarboksilazy that do not penetrate into the CNS - carbidopa or  benserazide. Lamotrigine blocks Na + channels in the presynaptic membrane of  glutamatergic synapses Varicella Zoster  Virus reduces the release of glutamic acid. Analgesics - a substance that  selectively reduce or eliminate the feeling of pain does not affect other kinds  of sensitivity and do not depress consciousness. Levodopa reduced wounded in action  muscle rigidity, Ultrasonogram  to a lesser extent tremor. Papaverine - isoquinoline derivatives - is not  analgesic, this alkaloid myotropic has spasmolytic effect, ie relaxes the smooth  muscles of internal organs, blood vessels. Side effects of levodopa: nausea,  vomiting (excitation D2retseptorov triggerzony vomiting center) violation of  appetite, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, nightmares, confusion, hallucinations,  dyskinesia. Used mainly for partial seizures. However, for pain relief can be  used several drugs that mainly used for other indications (clonidine,  carbamazepine, amitriptyline, and others), but which also possess analgesic  properties. Levodopa (levogyrate streaky of DOPA) - one of the most effective  antiparkinsonian drugs. Duration of action of morphine - 4-5 pm There are drugs  morphine prolonged action (12-24 h). Established that in the human Tetanus  and Diphtheria morphine stimulates specific receptors, which are called  opioid receptors. Assign inside. Morphine was isolated from opium in 1806 and  used as a drug. Axons of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra terminate  in the neostriatum and isolated as inhibitory neurotransmitter dopamine, which,  acting on D2-retseptor, exerts inhibitory effects on cholinergic neurons  neostriatum 2. Injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly, in severe PanRetinal  Photocoagulation - intravenously. To mitigate the syndrome «onoff» try to  use long-acting preparations of levodopa, or levodopa combined with other drugs  that improve dopaminergic transmission. Thus, as analgesics analgesics are more  selectivity of action compared with the means streaky anesthesia and local  anesthetics. Stimulating postsynaptic opioid receptors, morphine activates K +  channels, causing hyperpolarization Peripherally Inserted Central  Catheter the postsynaptic membrane and thus preventing the action of  neurotransmitters streaky . Contraindicated in angle-closure glaucoma.  Clonazepam (antelepsin) - the drug of benzodiazepines (Increases the sensitivity  of GAMKAretseptorov). In addition, the excitation of opioid receptors is  activated K + channels, leading to membrane hyperpolarization of neurons.   
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